Minimally invasive splitable pedicle screw extender

ABSTRACT

The present application provides a tool for minimally invasive surgical procedures. The tool includes a first and second portion where each portion has an outer blade and an inner blade that is slidable along the outer blade. A removable connector connects the first and second portions. When removed, the first and second portions are separated by a gap extending the length of the tool.

REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

The present application for patent is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13,540,497, titled MINIMALLY INVASIVE TOOL TO FACILITATE IMPLANTING A PEDICEL SCREW AND HOUSING, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/938,073, titled MINIMALLY INVASIVE TOOL TO FACILITATE IMPLANTING A PEDICLE SCREW AND HOUSING, filed Nov. 9, 2007, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,211,110, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/865,365, filed Nov. 10.2006, all of which are herein incorporated by reference as if set out in full.

BACKGROUND

Spinal fusion is a known technique to correct spinal injuries, deformities, and/or degenerative conditions. Lumbar fusion, for example, is generally an open procedure. An open procedure includes making a relatively large surgical incision to access the surgical site. A surgeon may implant a fusion cage into an intervertebral disc space. Next, the surgeon immobilizes the adjacent vertebral bodies using fixation rods attached to the superior and inferior vertebral body. Immobilizing the superior and inferior vertebral body allows bone to grow and fuse the superior and inferior bodies into one mass of bone.

As can be appreciated, the open procedure described above results in a relatively significant amount of trauma to the patient as a significant amount of tissue and muscle must be cut and retracted to allow access to the surgical site. Minimally invasive tools and procedures have been developed to reduce the amount of trauma as well as reduce the recovery time. One such minimally invasive system includes the '110 patent disclosed above. The '110 patent allows for a smaller or minimal incision by providing a surgical corridor formed by inner and outer sleeves that locked to a pedicle screw or a pedicle screw tulip. A surgeon accesses the surgical site through the surgical corridor formed by the sleeves.

Another minimally invasive tool is disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 7,951,175, titled INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS FOR MANIPULATING A VERTEBRA, issued May 31, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference as if set out in full. The '175 patent similarly describes a tool that forms a corridor and connects to a bone anchor. The '175 patent has a proximal end extending from the patient. The inner sleeve of the instrument is movable relatively to the outer sleeve, via a plunger or the like, that resides along the center line of the corridor formed by the tool. The instrument 10 disclosed by the '175 patent provides for a minimally invasive mechanism to manipulate the vertebrae and to seat the rods 90A, 90B into the bone anchors, but does not provide a convenient mechanism to move the rods 90A, 90B from outside the patient to inside the patient.

Other similarly minimally invasive tools provide a special rod introduction tool. For example, United States Published Patent Application Publication Number 2012/0253402A1, filed Jun. 14, 2012, titled PEDICLE SCREW EXTENSION FOR USE IN PERCUTANEOUS SPINAL FUSION, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein as if set out in full, provides for a rod introducer that slidingly engages the outside of a pedicle screw extension and moves a rod into position as the tool slides from a proximal to a distal location along the extension. The tool of the '340 application, as well as other similar pedicle screw extenders as they are generally know in the art, leaves much to be desired. In particular, rod introducers for the current extenders are customer tools that are adapted to engage the outside of the extender, rather than using the hollow center of the extenders. The rod introducer is offset from the pedicle screw extender requiring a slightly larger incision. Also, the pedicle screw extenders themselves, as presently constructed, provide an obstructed view of the surgical area.

Thus, against the above background, an improved pedicle screw extender would be desirable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various examples of the technology of the present application will be discussed with reference to the appended drawings. These drawings depict only illustrative examples of the technology described more fully herein and are not to be considered limiting of its scope.

FIG. 1 is a view of a tool connected to a saddle consistent with the technology of the present application;

FIG. 2 is another view of the tool connected to the saddle as shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partially exploded, perspective view of the tool of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the turret of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of the turret of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a view of movement of the turret and blades to move the tool from a locked to an unlocked position;

FIG. 7 is a partially exploded view of the tool of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the connector of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a partially exploded, perspective cross-sectional view of another tool consistent with the technology of the present application; and

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the tool shown in FIG. 9.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technology of the present application will be described in the context of spinal surgery, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize on reading the disclosure that the technology may be applicable to other medical fields. Moreover, the technology of the present application will be described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein whether or not specifically identified as “exemplary” is not to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Moreover, in certain instances only a single “exemplary” embodiment is provided. A single example is not necessarily to be construed as the only embodiment. It also should be understood that terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. It must be noted that, as used in this specification, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context of the disclosure clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a lithium hydroxide” is not to be taken as quantitatively or source limiting, reference to “a step” may include multiple steps, reference to “producing” or “products” of a reaction should not be taken to be all of the products of a reaction, and reference to “reacting” may include reference to one or more of such reaction steps. As such, the step of reacting can include multiple or repeated reaction of similar materials to produce identified reaction product.

Further, the instrument(s) described in accordance with the technology of the present application facilitate surgical implantation of pedicles screws and fixation rods for spinal fusion. With that in mind, exemplary spinal fixation systems may include polyaxial or monoaxial pedicle screws as are generally understood in the art. Moreover, the instruments may be useful for surgery relating to fixation of the cervical, thoracic, and/or lumbar spine. Additionally, the instruments may be useful in other orthopedic fusion procedures where two or more boney segments are to be fused using rods and screws to immobilize the segments.

The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the technology of the present patent application. However, on reading the disclosure, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the technology of the present patent application may be practiced with or without these specific details. In some descriptions herein, generally understood structures and devices may be shown in block diagrams to aid in understanding the technology of the present patent application without obscuring the technology herein.

Referring first to FIGS. 1 and 2, a tool 100 coupled to a saddle 102 is provided. The saddle 102 is a portion of an implant usable in pedicle screw and rod fixation systems as is generally known in the art. It should be noted that saddle 102 may be a number of different implants, however. The tool 100 has a proximal end 101 and a distal end 103. The tool 100 has a longitudinal axis 104 extending between first and second outer blades or elongate members 105, 107. With reference to FIG. 2, the tool 100 also has first and second inner blades or elongate members 109, 111. The blades 105, 107, 109, 111 as shown may have an arc or radius to facilitate a sliding interconnect between the first inner and first outer blades 105, 109 and the second inner and second outer blades 107, 111. The blades 105, 107, 109, 111, cooperate to releasably couple to the saddle 102 at the distal end 103, as will be explained further below. The outer surfaces of the first and second inner blades 109, 111 slidingly engage the inner surfaces of the first and second outer blades 105, 107 such that the first and second blades 109, 111 have an unlocked position 204 where the tool 100 is releasably engageable with the saddle 102 and a locked position 202 where the tool 100 is locked to the saddle 102.

The proximal end 101 further comprises a connector 113 that releasably couples the blades 105, 107, 109, 111 at the proximal end 101 of the tool, as also will be explained further below. The connector 113 is adapted to couple the blades 105, 107, 109, 111 at the proximal end 101 but does not cause relative movement of the first and second inner blades 101, 111 with respect to the first and second outer blades 105, 107. When connector 113 is coupled to the tool 100, the first and second inner blades 109, 111, and the first and second outer blades 105, 107 may be considered inner and outer sleeves, tubes, lumen, or the like. When the connector 113 is removed, however, the blades are not otherwise interconnected unless an external C-clip or the like is provided for rigidity. Removing the interconnection provides a channel, defined below, over the entire length of the tool 100.

With continued reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, one possible saddle 102 will be further described. The saddle 102 comprises a through bore 106 with a bore axis 108 generally aligned with the vertical longitudinal axis 104. The saddle 102 also comprises a plurality of legs 110 (or arms) forming a U-shaped channel 112 having a rod seat 114. The through bore 106 is configured to receive a bone fastener as is generally known in the art, but not shown for convenience. The U-shaped channel 112 and rod seat 114 are configured to receive a fixation rod as is generally known in the art, but not shown for convenience.

With reference to FIG. 2, an exemplary attachment mechanism 1 and 2 for establishing a releasable connection between the inner and outer blades of tool 100 and the saddle 102 will now be explained. Additional detail regarding the connection is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 8,211,110 incorporated by reference above. FIG. 2 shows the tool 100 and the saddle 102 in a locked position 202 and an unlocked position 204. As can be appreciated, the first and second outer blades 105, 107 may have a rolled or folded edge 190 forming a groove 192. The first and second inner blades 109, 111 may have a tongue 194 forming a slidable tongue and groove connection between the inner and outer blades.

The attachment mechanism 2 is further described with reference to the unlocked position 204. The legs 110 of the saddle terminate at an upper surface 201. The upper surface 201 has at least one locking detent 203 sized to receive a locking protrusion 205 extending from a distal end 207 of the first and second inner blades 109, 111. In this exemplary embodiment, two locking protrusions 205 are provided to engage two locking detents 203. To facilitate the connections, the distal end of the first and second inner blades 109, 111 may include a wedge, block, ramp 196, or the like. The ramp 196 tends to bias the first and second inner blades radially outwardly.

The attachment mechanism 1 is further described with reference to the locked position 202. The legs 110 include an outer surface 206. The outer surface 206 has a tool shelf 208. The first and second outer blades 105, 107 have a ledge 210 extending radially inwardly from the distal end 212 of the first and second outer blades 105, 107. The ledge 210 is sized to engage the shelf 208. The ledge 210 and shelf 208 may comprise alignment ridges and grooves 214, 216 as shown.

When in the unlocked position 204, the first and second blades 105, 107 are movable radially outwardly from each other. The first and second blades 105, 107 are initially positioned such that the opposed ledges 210 move into the U-shaped channel 112. The first and second blades 105, 107 are rotated, either clockwise or counterclockwise, such that the legs 110 of the saddle 102 force the first and second blades 105, 107 radially apart. The U-shaped channel 112 may have edges 218 that are beveled, tapered, or chamfered to facilitate the movement. The ledge 210 may have cooperating edges 220, which may be referred to as leading or trailing edges. The tool 110 is rotated and moved vertically until the ledge 210 aligns with the shelf 208, at which point the first and second blades move radially inward to “snap fit” onto the saddle 102.

Coupling the ledge 210 and shelf 208 generally aligns the locking protrusions 205 with the locking detents 203. The first and second inner blades 109, 111 are slid along the inner surface of the first and second outer blades 105, 107 until the locking protrusions 205 engage with the locking detents 203. A clamping force is generated between the bottom surface 209 of the first and second inner blades 109, 111 abutting the upper surface 201 of the saddle 102 and the ledge 210 of the first and second outer blades 105, 107 engaging the shelf 208.

The first and second inner blades 109, 111 in the locked position provide torsional resistance inhibiting the ability to rotate the tool 100 off the saddle 102. The resistance is provided in part because the locking protrusions 205 engaging the locking detents 203 inhibits the first and second outer blades 105, 107 from moving radially outward from each other and the clamping force described above, which inhibits the locking protrusions from skipping out of the locking detents 203.

With reference now to FIG. 3, an exploded view of part of the tool 100 is shown. FIG. 3 shows the first outer blade 105 and the first inner blade 109. The second outer blade 107 and the second inner blade 111 would be substantially the same and are not further explained herein. The first outer blade 105 has an alignment bore 302 that generally aligns with an alignment window 304 of the first inner blade 109. The alignment bore 302 has a collar 308 extending outwardly from the first outer blade 105. The alignment bore 302 and the alignment window 304 align in an overlapping fashion, but generally move with respect to each other as will be explained further below.

The alignment bore 302 is cylindrical and is sized to rotationally hold a turret 306, which is shown in more detail in FIGS. 4 and 5. The turret 306 includes an inside portion 402 and an outside portion 404. The inside portion 402 terminates in a face 406 that is generally aligned with the inside surface of the first and second outer blades 105, 107. Extending from the face 406 is a protrusion 408 or offset cam, which will be explained further below. The inside portion 402 is connected to the outside portion 404 by a beam 410 or web of material, which is shown in FIG. 5. The outside portion 404 includes a lever channel 412. The lever channel 412 is formed by walls 413 and is sized to receive an arm 314 of a lever 312. The arm 314 includes a rod bore 316 that aligns with the hinge bores 414. A rod 317 extends through the rod bore 316 and the hinge bores 414 to pivotally couple the lever 312 to the turret 306.

As can be appreciated, the alignment bore 302 and the turret 306 have generally the same diameter. The beam 410 coupling the inside portion 402 and the outside portion 404 has a reduced diameter and forms a cylindrical gap 416 between the inside portion 402 and the outside portion 404. An engagement pin 310 extends through an engagement bore 320 in the collar 308 and into the gap 416. The engagement pin 310 retains the turret 306 in the alignment bore 302 and allows for the turret 306 to rotate when the lever is moved in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.

With reference to FIGS. 4 and 6, the turret 306 is shown with the tool 100 in the unlocked position 204 and the locked position 202. In the unlocked position 204, the protrusion 408 generally extends from the centerline 500 toward the proximal end 101 of tool 100 as shown in FIG. 4. In the locked position 202, the protrusion 408 generally extends from the centerline 500 toward the distal end 103 of tool 100. For reference, in the unlocked position 204, the protrusion 408 generally points to 12 o'clock and in the locked position 202, the protrusion generally points to 6 o'clock. The positions of turret 306 in the unlocked position 204 and the locked position 202 are shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 shows a view of tool 100 with connector 113 exploded. Connector 113, in this exemplary embodiment, is a threaded connector. An alternative connector is described below. The outer surface of the first and second inner blades includes a top non-threaded panel 702 with a threaded panel 704 just below the top non-threaded panel 702 having a plurality of threads 706. The top non-threaded panel 702 and the threaded panel 704 extend above the first and second outer blades 105, 107. The first and second outer blades 105, 107 terminate in a top ledge 701 proximate the collar 308. The top ledge 701 is sized to allow the bottom surface 703 of connector 113 to abut the top ledge. The bottom surface 703 facilitates retention of the engagement pin 310 in the engagement bore 320.

The collar 308 has a flared extension 705 that forms a cavity 707 between the flared extension 705 and the top non-threaded and threaded panels 702, 704. The connector, as shown in FIG. 8, is generally a hollow cylindrical tube with a lower threaded portion 802 that has threads 804 sized to cooperatively engage threads 706. The threads 706, 804 may be designed as reverse or “left-handed” such that the connector 113 is not inadvertently disengaged during conventional use. The cylindrical tube of connector 113 is formed by a wall having a thickness 806 sized to cooperatively fit in cavity 707. Threading the connector 113 onto the threaded panels 704 of the first and second inner blades 109, 111 coupled the first outer blade 105 and first inner blade 109 to the second outer blade 107 and the second inner blade 111.

Once the tool 100 is coupled and locked to saddle 102, the connector 113 may be removed. The first and second inner and outer blades 105, 107, 109, 111 generally retain their respective positions in the locked position 202 on the implant without the connector 113. Removal of the connector 113, as generally shown in FIG. 7, results in a channel 710 that extends the entire length of the first and second inner and outer blades 105, 107, 109, 111. Thus, unlike the aforementioned prior art tools, the rod may be inserted using a tool extending anywhere along the length of the channel 710. In other words, when the connector 113 is removed, the proximal opening of channel 710 is unblocked from access by a horizontal tool or rod and when the connector 113 is connected, the proximal opening to channel 710 is blocked by the connector 113 such that the channel cannot be accessed therefrom by a horizontal tool or rod. The hollow connector 113 allows the tool 100 to be used with other conventional tools as well.

With reference now to FIGS. 9 and 10, a tool 900 with an alternative connector 902 is provided. The tool 900 has first and second outer blades 901, 903 and first and second inner blades 905, 907. The inner and outer blades 901, 903, 905, 907 move in sliding relation to each other similar to the tool 100 described above. The tool 900 similarly has the turret 306 rotationally coupled to the blades 901, 903, 905, 907 such that rotation of the protrusion 408 moves the first and second inner blades 905, 907 between the locked and unlocked positions.

The first and second outer blades 901, 903 terminate in a collar 908 that contains the alignment bore 302. The collar 908 of tool 900 terminates in the top ledge 701. The top ledge 701 comprises the engagement bore 320 through which the engagement pin 310 extends to reside in the gap 416.

The first and second inner blades 905, 907 have a connector lock portion 910 extending beyond the top ledge 701. The connector lock portion 910 includes a first outer surface 912 having a first outer diameter D1 and a second outer surface 914 having a second outer diameter D2. The diameter D2 is greater than the diameter D1 such that the second outer surface 914 is stepped radially outward from the first outer surface 912 forming an overhang 916. The overhang 916, first outer surface 912, and top ledge 701 form a groove 918, channel or the like. The connector lock portion 910 includes a first inner surface 920 having a first inner diameter D3 and a second inner surface 922 having a diameter D4. The diameter D4 is greater than the diameter D3 such that the second outer surface 922 is stepped radially outward from the first inner surface 920 forming a ridge 924. The connector lock portion 910 terminates at a crown 926. The crown 926 may be flat or sloped. As shown, a portion of the crown 926 is sloped from the second outer surface 914 down towards the second inner surface 922. The slope, taper, or chamfer may facilitate the insertion of a lock wall as will be explained further below. The connector portion 910 has a lock tab 915 formed generally by the second outer surface 914, the crown 926, and the second inner wall 922.

The connector 902 has a base 930 with an inner rail 932. The inner rail 932 has a rail diameter D5 that is approximately equal to diameter D such that the inner rail 932 resides in groove 918. Adjacent the rail 932 is a ring 934. The ring 934 has a ring diameter D6 that is approximately equal to the diameter D2 such that the lock tab 915 resides in the ring 934.

The connector 902 comprises a hollow interior 936 to receive a movable barrel 938. The connector 902 connects first and second inner and outer blades 901, 903, 905, 907 by movement of the barrel 938 from an unlocked position 940 (shown in FIG. 9) where the first and second inner blades 905, 907 at the connector portion 910 may move radially inwardly to be snap fit with the connector 902 and a locked position 942 (shown in FIG. 10) where the barrel forms a lock wall 944 to retain the lock tab 915 in the ring 934 such that the first and second inner blades 905, 907 cannot move sufficiently radially inwardly to disengage from the connector 902. The barrel 938 has a bottom stop 946 that is supported by the ridge 924. The barrel 938 also is generally hollow to allow tool access. The barrel 938 proximate the bottom stop 946 has an inner diameter D7 approximately equal to diameter D3 and an outer diameter D8 approximately equal to diameter D4.

Those of skill in the art would understand that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. 

What is claimed is: 1-20. (canceled)
 21. A pedicle screw extender comprising: first and second outer blades each extending along a longitudinal axis from a proximal portion to a distal portion, the distal portions engageable with a saddle; first and second inner blades each extending along the longitudinal axis from a proximal portion to a distal portion, the first and second inner blades slidingly engageable with the first and second outer blades, respectively; first and second turrets each connectable to the first and second outer blades, respectively, and engageable with the first and second inner blades, respectively, the first and second turrets operable to secure the first and second inner blades and the first and second outer blades to the saddle; and a connector including a proximal portion and a distal portion releasably securable to the proximal portions of the first and second inner blades.
 22. The pedicle screw extender of claim 21, wherein each of the first turret and the second turret is disposable in an alignment bore of the first outer blade and the second outer blade, respectively, and wherein the first turret is rotatable in the alignment bore of the first outer blade to engage the first inner blade, to translate the first inner blade relative to the first outer blade between a locked position and an unlocked position to secure the first inner blade and the first outer blade to the saddle in the locked position and to release the first inner blade and the first outer blade from the saddle in the unlocked position.
 23. The pedicle screw extender of claim 22, wherein the first turret includes a protrusion that is movably positioned in the alignment bore of the first inner blade such that rotation of the first turret causes movement of the protrusion and engagement with the first inner blade to move the first inner blade between the locked position and the unlocked position.
 24. The pedicle screw extender of claim 23, further comprising: first and second levers couplable to the first and second turret, respectively, the first lever operable to rotate the first turret to move the protrusion to translate the first inner blade between the locked position and the unlocked position, wherein the first and second levers are pivotable relative to the first and second turrets, respectively, to secure the first and second turrets, respectively, in the locked position.
 25. The pedicle screw extender of claim 21, wherein the first turret comprises an inside portion and an outside portion connected by a beam, and wherein the inside portion, the outside portion, and the beam cooperate to form an annular gap; wherein the first outer blade further comprises a collar having an engagement bore; and further comprising an engagement pin positioned in the engagement bore and at least a portion of the annular gap, wherein the engagement pin retains and allows rotational movement of the first turret in the engagement bore.
 26. The pedicle screw extender of claim 21, wherein the distal portion of each of the first and second outer blades includes a ledge extending radially inward from the distal portion, the ledge of each of the first and second outer blades engageable with a first and second shelf, respectively, of the saddle.
 27. The pedicle screw extender of claim 26, wherein the distal portion of each of the first and second inner blades includes a locking protrusion extending therefrom and insertable into locking detents of the saddle when the first and second inner blades are in the locked position.
 28. The pedicle screw extender of claim 27, wherein engaging the ledge of each of the first and second outer blades with the saddle aligns the locking protrusions with the locking detents.
 29. A pedicle screw extender assembly comprising: a first extender and a second extender each couplable to a saddle of a pedicle screw, each of the first extender and the second extender comprising: an outer blade extending along a longitudinal axis from a proximal portion to a distal portion, the distal portion engageable with the saddle; an inner blade extending along the longitudinal axis from a proximal portion to a distal portion, the inner blade slidingly engageable with the outer blades; and a turret connectable to the outer blade and engageable with the inner blade, the turret operable to secure the inner blade and the outer blade to the saddle; and a connector including a proximal portion and an opposite distal portion releasably securable to the proximal portions of the inner blades.
 30. The pedicle screw extender assembly of claim 29, wherein the connector includes a hollow interior and includes a barrel movable within the hollow interior between a locked position and an unlocked position to secure the connector to the first extender and the second extender in the locked position.
 31. The pedicle screw extender assembly of claim 30, wherein the inner blades each include a lock tab at the proximal portion, the lock tabs engageable with the connector to secure the inner blades to the connector.
 32. The pedicle screw extender assembly of claim 31, wherein the connector includes a ring on an inner portion of the connector, the ring configured to receive the lock tabs therein when the connector is secured to the inner blade.
 33. The pedicle screw extender assembly of claim 32, wherein the inner blade is configured to move radially inward when the connector engages the blades to snap fit the lock tabs into the ring of the connector.
 34. The pedicle screw extender assembly of claim 33, wherein the barrel engages an inner surface of the blades to prevent the lock tabs from disengaging the connector when the barrel is in the locked position.
 35. The pedicle screw extender assembly of claim 30, wherein the barrel includes a bottom stop configured to engage a ridge of the inner blade when the barrel is in the locked position.
 36. The pedicle screw extender assembly of claim 30, wherein the barrel is configured to receive a tool.
 37. The pedicle screw extender of claim 39, wherein each of the turrets is disposable in an alignment bore of each of the inner blades, respectively, and are rotatable therein to engage the inner blades, respectively, to translate the inner blades relative to the outer blades between a locked position and an unlocked position to secure the inner blades and the outer blades to the saddle in the locked position and to release the inner blades and the outer blades from the saddle in the unlocked position.
 38. The pedicle screw extender of claim 37, wherein each of the turrets includes a protrusion that is movably positioned in the alignment bore of the corresponding one of the inner blades such that rotation of the turret causes movement of the protrusion and engagement with the corresponding one of the inner blades to move the inner blades between the locked position and the unlocked position.
 39. The pedicle screw extender of claim 39, further comprising: levers couplable to each turret and operable to rotate each respective turret to move the protrusion to translate the inner blades between the locked position and the unlocked position, wherein each lever is pivotable relative to its respective turret to secure the turret in the locked position.
 40. A pedicle screw extender assembly comprising: a first extender and a second extender each couplable to a saddle of a pedicle screw, each of the first extender and the second extender comprising: an outer blade extending along a longitudinal axis from a proximal portion to a distal portion, the distal portion engageable with the saddle; an inner blade extending along the longitudinal axis from a proximal portion to a distal portion, the inner blade slidingly engageable with the outer blades; and a turret connectable to the outer blade and engageable with the inner blade, the turret operable to secure the inner blade and the outer blade to the saddle; and a connector having a hollow interior and including: a proximal portion and an opposite distal portion releasably securable to the proximal portions of the inner blades; and a barrel movable within the hollow interior between a locked position and an unlocked position to secure the connector to the first extender and a second extender in the locked position. 